This literature review should address each of the questions posed below. Each question includes a
guideline to work towards for the length each answer. The paper should be between 3-4 pages (not
including title page or works cited), single-spaced type-written pages. Unless otherwise specified,
each answer should reference at least three course readings, and if desired, bullet points/tables may
be used to make better use of space assuming sufficient detail is still provided. A minimum of nine
(9) assigned resources must be used in total. (Note: Each assigned chapter from the textbook
counts as a separate resource.) All referencing, including in-text citations and works cited, must
follow APA formatting.


1. In your own words, how would you define a project? Identify and describe the phases of the
project management in your answer. In your opinion, which phase do you think would be the most
difficult one to complete? Why? (½ page)
2. In your opinion, what are three current environmental factors that have or will change the way
projects are managed? What has or will the effect of these factors be on the management of
projects? (½ page)
3. Describe the main elements of the project initiation phase in project management. What is the
main outcome that the project manager aims to achieve by the end of this phase? (¾ to 1 page)
4. Describe the main elements of the project planning phase in project management. What is the
main outcome that the project manager aims to achieve by the end of this phase? (1 to 1 ½ page)
5. What is the Project Management Institute’s Triple Constraints model? Why is it important in the
project initiation and planning stages of projects? (½ page)

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